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Room 3

In the 1580s, the Dutch provinces declared their independence from the Spanish Crown, establishing the Dutch Republic. The Dutch state rapidly grew into one of the major seafaring and economic powers in Europe, with outposts as far away as New Amsterdam, the site of modern-day New York. During this period, seventeenth-century painters worked mainly for the mercantile bourgeoisie based in wealthy cities such as Amsterdam and Haarlem. While this period of unparalleled cultural and economic growth has long been known as the “Dutch Golden Age,” much of the wealth of Dutch citizens was, in fact, the result of colonial exploitation and slavery.

Frans Hals was among the most celebrated portraitists of the time in the Low Countries. He worked in Haarlem all his life, portraying the mercantile class of the city in individual and large group portraits. Henry Clay Frick had a particular predilection for likenesses of these prosperous businessmen, who were invariably dressed in fashionable black clothes. This room brings together three portraits by the artist.

Hals’s ruddy burghers are juxtaposed here with the lyrical images of the Dutch countryside by Salomon van Ruysdael and Meindert Hobbema, two artists who focused on picturesque buildings set in windswept landscapes against cloudy skies—images that extolled the unassuming beauty of their homeland. As a Dutch poet of the time wrote: “Parnassus is too far, here is no Helicon—only dunes, woods, and brooks, a sky, the sun."

L 75TH STREET MADISON AVENUE Entrance Ticketing Membership Shop Elevators Stairs Stairs Exit Coat Check

2 75TH STREET MADISON AVENUE 1 Barbet Angel 2 Holbein and Early Netherlandish 3 Dutch 4 Rembrandt 5 Van Dyck 6 Vermeer Elevators Stairs Restroom Restroom

3 75TH STREET MADISON AVENUE 7 Italian Sculpture 8 Early Italian 9 Indian Carpets 10 Porcelain 11 Italian 12 Venetian 13 Bellini 14 Bronzes 15 Spanish 16 Enamels and Clocks Elevators Stairs

4 75TH STREET MADISON AVENUE 17 French Sculpture 18 French 18th-Century 19 French Decorative Arts 20 British Landscape 21 British Portraiture 22 Whistler 23 French 19th-Century 24 Fragonard 25 Fragonard 26 Impressionism Elevators Stairs Reading Room By Appointment Only


LG 75TH STREET MADISON AVENUE Café Restroom Restroom Elevators Stairs Stairs

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